Citizenship and Naturalization

Citizenship and Naturalization in the U.S.

Obtaining U.S. citizenship represents the highest level of immigration status in the United States.

It’s a goal many migrants aspire to, not only for the security and stability it offers, but also for the numerous legal, social, and political benefits it entails.

However, achieving this status requires a demanding process, both in terms of time and resources.

Benefits of American Citizenship

Obtaining citizenship is the highest category of immigration status in the United States. Among the most important benefits are:

Protection against deportation: American citizens cannot be deported under any circumstances.

Freedom of travel: They can leave the country and return without restrictions or fear of being turned away upon entry.

Right to vote: Participate in federal, state, and local elections.

Access to federal jobs: Many government jobs require citizenship.

Family reunification: Possibility of petitioning for visas so that immediate relatives can immigrate and obtain residency.

Access to public benefits: Eligibility for federal assistance and scholarship programs.

Civic participation: Serving on a jury or running for public office.

US passport: It allows you to travel with one of the most accepted nationalities in the world and receive consular assistance abroad.

Total legal stability: It does not depend on renewals or changing immigration conditions.

General Requirements for Naturalization

Becoming a citizen through naturalization requires meeting certain criteria established by USCIS:

Minimum age: : Be at least 18 years old.

Legal permanent residence:

Have lived as a permanent resident for at least 5 years.

Or 3 years, if married to a U.S. citizen.

Continuous residence: Have lived continuously in the U.S. during that time.

Physical presence: Be physically present in the country for at least 30 months in the last 5 years, or 18 months in the last 3 years if applicable.

Local residence: Have lived at least 3 months in the state or district where the application is submitted.

Good moral character: Have a clean record for the required period.

Knowledge of English: Basic ability to read, write and speak English.

Civic knowledge: Pass a test on U.S. history, government, and principles.

Oath of Allegiance: Formal commitment of loyalty to the United States.

Application Process

1. Form N-400: Complete and submit the official application form.

2. Payment of fees: $640 presentation fee + $85 biometrics fee.

3. Biometrics appointment: Fingerprinting and background check.

4. Interview with USCIS: Includes background check and evaluation.

5. Exams:

English: Reading, writing and comprehension.

Civic education: Questions about U.S. history and government

6. Official decision: USCIS approves or denies the application.

7. Naturalization ceremony: Taking the Oath of Allegiance and presentation of the citizenship certificate.

Exemptions and Special Considerations

Language:

Exemption for applicants aged 50 and over with 20 years as permanent residents.

Or 55 years old with 15 years of permanent residence.

Simplified Civics Test:

For applicants 65 years of age or older with 20 years of residency.

Disabilities:

Form N-648 may be filed for medical condition exemptions.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

Do I lose my residency if I leave the country for a long time?

Yes. Extended departures may affect the continuous residence requirement.

What should I do if USCIS rejects my application?

You can appeal using Form N-336 within 30 days.

Can I change my name during the process?

Yes. The change can be formalized during the naturalization ceremony.

Do my children automatically obtain citizenship?

Yes, if they are under 18 years old, have legal residency, and live with the naturalized parent.

Official resources

For forms, guides and updates:

www.uscis.gov

Statement: The concepts explained should not be taken as legal advice, it is a compendium of public information from the INA.

In all cases, consultation with an attorney is recommended to determine your eligibility. At Immigration Document Preparers, we limit ourselves to submitting forms to USCIS correctly based on the information that the client provides us. We do not give advice or legal advice.